Seasonal crop burnings, practiced in many areas of the world, release large amounts of particulate matter of size 2.5 microns (PM2.5) or under (PM2.5) into the air. Specifically, in areas throughout Southeast Asia, air quality is considered to be hazardous and even toxic during certain times of the year, in part due to these agricultural customs. This study focuses on relationships between seasonal crop burning practices and air quality, for the province of Mae Hong Son, Thailand. Monthly averages of air quality data (February through April) were obtained for Mae Hong Son from the National Resources and Environment Office to assess air quality trends for the area. Furthermore, a literature review was conducted to build an understanding of the effects of particulate pollution on public health, such as respiratory illnesses and mortality rates. Lastly, there was an inquiry into recent global legislation as it relates to air quality and what measures are being put in place to improve the quality specifically in regions such as Mae Hong Son. As an important note, the geographical region of Mae Hong Son was also analyzed in order to defend why this particular area was chosen as the focus of this paper.